A temperature sensor is a device that detects and measures the temperature of an object or environment. It converts temperature into an electrical signal that can be easily interpreted by a monitoring system or controller. Temperature sensors are essential for maintaining optimal conditions in a wide range of settings, from industrial processes to consumer electronics.
Types of Temperature Sensors: There are several types of temperature sensors available, each with its own unique characteristics and applications. Some of the most common types include:
Thermocouples: Thermocouples are widely used for their durability and wide temperature range. They consist of two different metal wires that generate a voltage proportional to the temperature difference between the two junctions.
Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs): RTDs are known for their high accuracy and stability. They work by measuring the change in electrical resistance of a metal wire as temperature changes.
Thermistors: Thermistors are semiconductor devices that exhibit a large change in resistance with temperature. They are commonly used in applications where high sensitivity is required.
Applications of Temperature Sensors: Temperature sensors are used in a wide range of industries and applications, including:
HVAC Systems: Temperature sensors are essential for maintaining comfortable indoor temperatures and ensuring efficient operation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems.
Industrial Processes: Temperature sensors play a critical role in monitoring and controlling temperature in industrial processes such as manufacturing, food processing, and chemical production.
Medical Devices: Temperature sensors are used in medical devices such as thermometers and incubators to monitor and regulate body temperature.
Automotive Industry: Temperature sensors are used in vehicles to monitor engine temperature, cabin temperature, and coolant levels to ensure optimal performance and safety.
Conclusion: Temperature sensors are a key component in modern technology, enabling precise temperature measurement and control in a wide range of applications. By understanding the different types of temperature sensors and their applications, industries can ensure the efficient and safe operation of their systems.
The term name |
explain |
performance requirement |
zero-power resistance |
Under 25 ℃, when resistance due to the internal heat resistance caused by changes in relative to the total measurement error can be ignored not timing the measured resistance value. |
See electrical characteristic parameters |
B Value |
BValues can be used at 25 ℃ and 85 ℃ when the zero power resistance value calculated. The calculation formula is： T1×T2 RT1 B=
× ln（
） T2 - T1 RT2 |
See electrical characteristic parameters |
Maximum steady state current |
When the environment temperature is 25 ℃ to allow maximum continuous current on the thermistor |
See electrical characteristic parameters |
dissipation factor |
The ratio of the dissipated power change in a thermistor to the corresponding temperature change in a thermistor at a specified temperature. The unit: mW / ℃ |
See electrical characteristic parameters |
thermal time constant |
Under the condition of zero power, when the temperature changes, the temperature change of the thermistor is 63.2% of the difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature. |
See electrical characteristic parameters |
operating temperature |
The temperature range allowed for a long continuous operation of a thermistor.。 |
-55 –+125℃ |
temperature rating |
The range of temperature changes during operation of the operating current。 |
-55 –+125℃ |
On-load durability |
At room temperature, the thermistor reverts to its original state after passing the maximum steady state current of 1000 + / - 2h test. |
No visible damage, the maximum change rate of resistance value is within 15% |
·
Rapid change of temperature |
Ta = - 55 + 3 ℃ and Tb = 200 + 2 ℃ for 30 minutes each cycle 5 times, restore to its original state at room temperature. |
No damage was found and the maximum change rate of resistance value was within 25% |
The term name |
explain |
performance requirement |
The steady state hot and humid |
Temperature 40 + 2 ℃, relative humidity 93 plus or minus 3%, deposit after 48 + 2 hours, 1 hour in normal condition |
No visible damage, mark clear, no breakdown or flashover Insulation resistance of 500 m Ω resistance value or the maximum rate within + / - 25% |
·
Terminals Strength
·
Terminal tensile strength |
20N axial force of the lead wire, 10 + / - 1 second. |
No damage was found and the maximum change rate of resistance value was within 25% |
·
Resistance to soldering Heat
·
Leaching |
Thermistor will lead in 265 + 5 ℃ soldering fluid, the liquid level in resistance from 6 mm to 5 + 1 seconds. Back to its original state at room temperature. |
No damage was found and the maximum change rate of resistance value was within 25% |
weldability |
Lead in liquid of 235 + 5 ℃, time for 3 seconds |
Solder coating area of more than 95% |
·
current surge
·
ac current |
Thermistor allows 2000 current shocks. The shock current is the maximum steady-state current for 15 seconds. After such shocks, the resistor reverts to its original state.。 |
The maximum change rate of resistance value is within 15% |
Electric pressure |
Test voltage AC: 700V, time 1 minute, voltage between resistor lead and insulation layer. |
No breakdown or arc |
insulation resistance |
Test voltage DC: 100V, time 1 minute |
≥500MΩ |
Resistance-temperature characteristic table R25=10KΩ Tolerance:±1% B25/50=3950K Tolerance:±1% |
temperature(℃) |
resistance(KΩ) |
temperature(℃) |
resistance(KΩ) |
|
Minimum |
Median |
Max |
|
Minimum |
Median |
Max |
-55 |
1024.254 |
1034.600 |
1044.946 |
36 |
6.191 |
6.254 |
6.317 |
-54 |
949.416 |
959.006 |
968.596 |
37 |
5.941 |
6.001 |
6.061 |
-53 |
880.557 |
889.452 |
898.347 |
38 |
5.703 |
5.761 |
5.819 |
-52 |
817.165 |
825.419 |
833.673 |
39 |
5.476 |
5.531 |
5.586 |
-51 |
758.770 |
766.434 |
774.098 |
40 |
5.258 |
5.311 |
5.364 |
-50 |
704.945 |
712.066 |
719.187 |
41 |
5.051 |
5.102 |
5.153 |
-49 |
655.307 |
661.926 |
668.545 |
42 |
4.853 |
4.902 |
4.951 |
-48 |
609.499 |
615.656 |
621.813 |
43 |
4.663 |
4.710 |
4.757 |
-47 |
567.205 |
572.934 |
578.663 |
44 |
4.483 |
4.528 |
4.573 |
-46 |
528.131 |
533.466 |
538.801 |
45 |
4.309 |
4.353 |
4.397 |
-45 |
492.013 |
496.983 |
501.953 |
46 |
4.144 |
4.186 |
4.228 |
-44 |
458.608 |
463.240 |
467.872 |
47 |
3.986 |
4.026 |
4.066 |
-43 |
427.695 |
432.015 |
436.335 |
48 |
3.835 |
3.874 |
3.913 |
-42 |
399.073 |
403.104 |
407.135 |
49 |
3.691 |
3.728 |
3.765 |
-41 |
372.557 |
376.320 |
380.083 |
50 |
3.552 |
3.588 |
3.624 |
-40 |
347.980 |
351.495 |
355.010 |
51 |
3.419 |
3.454 |
3.489 |
-39 |
325.187 |
328.472 |
331.757 |
52 |
3.293 |
3.326 |
3.359 |
-38 |
304.039 |
307.110 |
310.181 |
53 |
3.171 |
3.203 |
3.235 |
-37 |
284.406 |
287.279 |
290.152 |
54 |
3.054 |
3.085 |
3.116 |
-36 |
266.170 |
268.859 |
271.548 |
55 |
2.943 |
2.973 |
3.003 |
-35 |
249.224 |
251.741 |
254.258 |
56 |
2.836 |
2.865 |
2.894 |
-34 |
233.468 |
235.826 |
238.184 |
57 |
2.733 |
2.761 |
2.789 |
-33 |
218.811 |
221.021 |
223.231 |
58 |
2.635 |
2.662 |
2.689 |
-32 |
205.170 |
207.242 |
209.314 |
59 |
2.541 |
2.567 |
2.593 |
-31 |
192.468 |
194.412 |
196.356 |
60 |
2.451 |
2.476 |
2.501 |
-30 |
180.635 |
182.460 |
184.285 |
61 |
2.364 |
2.388 |
2.412 |
-29 |
169.607 |
171.320 |
173.033 |
62 |
2.281 |
2.304 |
2.327 |
-28 |
159.323 |
160.932 |
162.541 |
63 |
2.201 |
2.223 |
2.245 |
-27 |
149.729 |
151.241 |
152.753 |
64 |
2.125 |
2.146 |
2.167 |
-26 |
140.774 |
142.196 |
143.618 |
65 |
2.051 |
2.072 |
2.093 |
-25 |
132.413 |
133.750 |
135.088 |
66 |
1.980 |
2.000 |
2.020 |
-24 |
124.600 |
125.859 |
127.118 |
67 |
1.913 |
1.932 |
1.951 |
-23 |
117.300 |
118.485 |
119.670 |
68 |
1.847 |
1.866 |
1.885 |
-22 |
110.473 |
111.589 |
112.705 |
69 |
1.785 |
1.803 |
1.821 |
-21 |
104.088 |
105.139 |
106.190 |
70 |
1.725 |
1.742 |
1.759 |
-20 |
98.111 |
99.102 |
100.093 |
71 |
1.667 |
1.684 |
1.701 |
-19 |
92.516 |
93.450 |
94.385 |
72 |
1.611 |
1.627 |
1.643 |
-18 |
87.274 |
88.156 |
89.038 |
73 |
1.557 |
1.573 |
1.589 |
-17 |
82.363 |
83.195 |
84.027 |
74 |
1.506 |
1.521 |
1.536 |
-16 |
77.759 |
78.544 |
79.329 |
75 |
1.456 |
1.471 |
1.486 |
-15 |
73.441 |
74.183 |
74.925 |
76 |
1.409 |
1.423 |
1.437 |
-14 |
69.390 |
70.091 |
70.792 |
77 |
1.363 |
1.377 |
1.391 |
-13 |
65.588 |
66.250 |
66.913 |
78 |
1.319 |
1.332 |
1.345 |
-12 |
62.017 |
62.643 |
63.269 |
79 |
1.276 |
1.289 |
1.302 |
-11 |
58.662 |
59.255 |
59.848 |
80 |
1.236 |
1.248 |
1.260 |
-10 |
55.510 |
56.071 |
56.632 |
81 |
1.196 |
1.208 |
1.220 |
-9 |
52.547 |
53.078 |
53.609 |
82 |
1.158 |
1.170 |
1.182 |
-8 |
49.760 |
50.263 |
50.766 |
83 |
1.122 |
1.133 |
1.144 |
-7 |
47.138 |
47.614 |
48.090 |
84 |
1.086 |
1.097 |
1.108 |
-6 |
44.670 |
45.121 |
45.572 |
85 |
1.052 |
1.063 |
1.074 |
-5 |
42.346 |
42.774 |
43.202 |
86 |
1.020 |
1.030 |
1.040 |
-4 |
40.157 |
40.563 |
40.969 |
87 |
0.988 |
0.998 |
1.008 |
-3 |
38.095 |
38.480 |
38.865 |
88 |
0.958 |
0.968 |
0.978 |
-2 |
36.152 |
36.517 |
36.882 |
89 |
0.929 |
0.938 |
0.947 |
-1 |
34.318 |
34.665 |
35.012 |
90 |
0.900 |
0.909 |
0.918 |
0 |
32.590 |
32.919 |
33.248 |
91 |
0.873 |
0.882 |
0.891 |
1 |
30.957 |
31.270 |
31.583 |
92 |
0.846 |
0.855 |
0.864 |
2 |
29.418 |
29.715 |
30.012 |
93 |
0.821 |
0.829 |
0.837 |
3 |
27.964 |
28.246 |
28.528 |
94 |
0.797 |
0.805 |
0.813 |
4 |
26.589 |
26.858 |
27.127 |
95 |
0.773 |
0.781 |
0.789 |
5 |
25.292 |
25.547 |
25.802 |
96 |
0.750 |
0.758 |
0.766 |
6 |
24.064 |
24.307 |
24.550 |
97 |
0.728 |
0.735 |
0.742 |
7 |
22.904 |
23.135 |
23.366 |
98 |
0.707 |
0.714 |
0.721 |
8 |
21.806 |
22.026 |
22.246 |
99 |
0.686 |
0.693 |
0.700 |
9 |
20.767 |
20.977 |
21.187 |
100 |
0.666 |
0.673 |
0.680 |
10 |
19.787 |
19.987 |
20.187 |
101 |
0.646 |
0.653 |
0.660 |
11 |
18.854 |
19.044 |
19.234 |
102 |
0.629 |
0.635 |
0.641 |
12 |
17.972 |
18.154 |
18.336 |
103 |
0.610 |
0.616 |
0.622 |
13 |
17.137 |
17.310 |
17.483 |
104 |
0.593 |
0.599 |
0.605 |
14 |
16.345 |
16.510 |
16.675 |
105 |
0.576 |
0.582 |
0.588 |
15 |
15.594 |
15.752 |
15.910 |
106 |
0.559 |
0.565 |
0.571 |
16 |
14.884 |
15.034 |
15.184 |
107 |
0.545 |
0.550 |
0.556 |
17 |
14.208 |
14.352 |
14.496 |
108 |
0.529 |
0.534 |
0.539 |
18 |
13.568 |
13.705 |
13.842 |
109 |
0.514 |
0.519 |
0.524 |
19 |
12.959 |
13.090 |
13.221 |
110 |
0.500 |
0.505 |
0.510 |
20 |
12.382 |
12.507 |
12.632 |
111 |
0.486 |
0.491 |
0.496 |
21 |
11.833 |
11.953 |
12.073 |
112 |
0.473 |
0.478 |
0.483 |
22 |
11.313 |
11.427 |
11.541 |
113 |
0.460 |
0.465 |
0.470 |
23 |
10.818 |
10.927 |
11.036 |
114 |
0.447 |
0.452 |
0.457 |
24 |
10.347 |
10.452 |
10.557 |
115 |
0.436 |
0.440 |
0.444 |
25 |
9.900 |
10.000 |
10.100 |
116 |
0.424 |
0.428 |
0.432 |
26 |
9.474 |
9.570 |
9.666 |
117 |
0.412 |
0.416 |
0.420 |
27 |
9.069 |
9.161 |
9.253 |
118 |
0.401 |
0.405 |
0.409 |
28 |
8.683 |
8.771 |
8.859 |
119 |
0.391 |
0.395 |
0.399 |
29 |
8.317 |
8.401 |
8.485 |
120 |
0.380 |
0.384 |
0.388 |
30 |
7.968 |
8.048 |
8.128 |
121 |
0.370 |
0.374 |
0.378 |
31 |
7.635 |
7.712 |
7.789 |
122 |
0.360 |
0.364 |
0.368 |
32 |
7.317 |
7.391 |
7.465 |
123 |
0.351 |
0.355 |
0.359 |
33 |
7.015 |
7.086 |
7.157 |
124 |
0.342 |
0.345 |
0.348 |
34 |
6.727 |
6.795 |
6.863 |
125 |
0.334 |
0.337 |
0.340 |
35 |
6.453 |
6.518 |
6.583 |
|
|
|
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